Orthodontics is one of the recognized specialties in dentistry in Israel.
The specialty itself is considered one of the most challenging, both in terms of the difficulty of being accepted into the program and the academic rigor during training.

To become a certified orthodontic specialist in Israel, one must complete a 3.5-year residency (following six years of dental school) and pass two specialty exams (written and practical) administered by the Ministry of Health.

Orthodontics was the first specialty developed in the field of dentistry. One of the pioneers of modern orthodontics, considered the "father" of the discipline, was an American dentist named Edward Angle, who worked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Angle succeeded in categorizing malocclusions into several groups, a classification valued for its simplicity. This system remains the primary classification used today and is still taught in dental schools worldwide.

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The Biological Process of Orthodontics

Orthodontic treatment is essentially a biological process during which force is applied to teeth to move them. When force is exerted in a specific direction, the tooth moves in that direction thanks to a biological mechanism that enables bone resorption in the area ahead of the tooth and new bone formation behind it after the tooth has shifted to its new position.

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The Orthodontic Treatment Process Includes:

1. Initial Orthodontic Examination
   This exam determines the need for treatment. The orthodontist assesses the patient’s age, dental development, orthodontic needs, and motivation for treatment. If treatment is deemed necessary and the patient is willing to proceed, relevant documentation and imaging will be ordered.

2. Comprehensive Orthodontic Evaluation
   This step involves clinical and radiographic imaging, including X-rays, photographs, 3D scans, and other records. The data is reviewed to finalize the diagnosis.

3. Developing a Personalized Orthodontic Treatment Plan
   This is often the most critical stage of the process. The orthodontist integrates all their knowledge and experience to create a tailored treatment plan. No two plans are identical, as each patient requires an individualized approach for optimal results. One of the most challenging decisions at this stage is determining when not to initiate orthodontic treatment.

4. Active Orthodontic Treatment
   During this phase, patients attend periodic appointments, each focused on progressing the treatment toward completion. Treatment options include traditional braces (metal brackets) or clear aligners.

   • Clear Aligners: These provide an aesthetic, precise, and hygienic option. They are removable, making it easier to maintain excellent oral hygiene during treatment. Aligners are virtually invisible due to their thin, transparent design, so the patient’s surroundings may not notice the ongoing treatment unless informed.

5. Retention Phase
   Retention is crucial because the potential for tooth movement persists throughout life. Retainers ensure that teeth remain in their final positions post-treatment.

   • Retention Options:

     • Bonded retainers (fixed to the lingual side of the teeth).

     • Removable retainers (plastic appliances the patient wears as needed).

     • A combination of both.

6. Post-Treatment Follow-Up
   Patients are asked to return for follow-up appointments to monitor the stability of the results.

7. Retainer Maintenance
   Maintaining retainers is essential. Bonded retainers must be repaired if detached or broken, and removable retainers need replacement if worn out or lost. Timely intervention prevents tooth movement that might require further orthodontic treatment.

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Key Considerations During Orthodontic Treatment

1. Meticulous Oral Hygiene
   Maintaining excellent oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment is essential. Poor hygiene can lead to significant side effects, such as:

   • Tooth discoloration.

   • Cavities.

   • Gum inflammation and periodontal diseases.
     Some of these issues may be irreversible.

2. Attending Orthodontic Appointments
   Patients should adhere to the appointment schedule set by their orthodontist. Delays or missed appointments can result in undesirable side effects, prolonged treatment time, and suboptimal outcomes.

3. Compliance with given instructions
   Following all instructions provided by the orthodontist and staff is crucial, including:

   • Wearing elastics as directed.

   • Properly wearing and maintaining appliances.

   • Adhering to dietary restrictions.
     Full cooperation ensures shorter, more effective treatment.